Who Was the Founder of the Roman Republic

According to Roman legends about the establishment of the Roman Republic, Lucius Junius Brutus (6th C. B.C.) was the nephew of the last Roman king, Tarquinius Superbus (King Tarquin the Proud). Despite their kinship, Brutus led the revolt against the king and proclaimed the Roman Republic in 509 B.C. This revolt happened while King Tarquin was away (on the campaign) and in the wake of the rape of Lucretia by the kings son. It was the exemplary Brutus who reacted to Lucretias dishonor by being the first to swear to drive out the Tarquins. While they were overwhelmed with grief, Brutus drew the knife out of the wound, and, holding it up before him reeking with blood, said: By this blood, most pure before the outrage of a prince, I swear, and I call you, O gods, to witness my oath, that I will henceforth pursue Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, his wicked wife, and all their children, with fire, sword, and all other violent means in my power; nor will I ever suffer them or any other to reign at Rome.—Livy Book I.59 Brutus Expels His Co-Consul When the men accomplished the coup, Brutus and Lucretias husband, L. Tarquinius Collatinus, became the first pair of Roman consuls, the new leaders of the new government.   It wasnt enough to get rid of Romes last, Etruscan king: Brutus expelled the whole Tarquin clan. Since Brutus was related to the Tarquins on only his mothers side, which meant, among other things, that he didnt share the Tarquin name, he was excluded from this group. However, the expelled included his co-consul/co-conspirator, L. Tarquinius Collatinus, the husband of Lucretia, the rape victim-suicide. Brutus, according to a decree of the senate, proposed to the people, that all who belonged to the family of the Tarquins should be banished from Rome: in the assembly of centuries he elected Publius Valerius, with whose assistance he had expelled the kings, as his colleague.—Livy Book II.2 Roman Virtue and Excess In later periods, Romans would look back to this era as a time of great virtue. Gestures, like Lucretias suicide, may seem extreme to us, but they were seen as noble to the Romans, although in his biography of a Brutus contemporary with Julius Caesar, Plutarch takes this ancestral Brutus to the task. Lucretia was held up as one of only a handful of Roman matrons who were paragons of womanly virtue. Brutus was another model of virtue, not just in his peaceful disposal of the monarchy and replacement of it with a system that simultaneously avoided the problems of autocracy and maintained the virtue of kingship—the annually-changing, dual consulship. The first beginnings of liberty, however, one may date from this period, rather because the consular authority was made annual, than because of the royal prerogative was in any way curtailed. The first consuls kept all the privileges and outward signs of authority, care only being taken to prevent the terror appearing doubled, should both have the fasces at the same time.—Livy Book II.1 Lucius Junius Brutus was willing to sacrifice everything for the good of the Roman Republic. Brutus sons had become involved with a conspiracy to restore the Tarquins. When Brutus learned of the plot, he executed those involved, including his two sons. The Death of Lucius Junius Brutus In the Tarquins attempt to reclaim the Roman throne, at the Battle of Silva Arsia, Brutus and Arruns Tarquinius fought and killed each other. This meant both the consuls of the first year of the Roman Republic had to be replaced. It is thought that there was a total of 5 in that one year. Brutus perceived that he was being attacked, and, as it was honourable in those days for the generals to personally engage in battle, he accordingly eagerly offered himself for combat. They charged with such furious animosity, neither of them heedful of protecting his own person, provided he could wound his opponent, that each, pierced through the buckler by his adversarys blow, fell from his horse in the throes of death, still transfixed by the two spears.—Livy Book II.6 Plutarch on Lucius Junius Brutus Marcus Brutus was descended from that Junius Brutus to whom the ancient Romans erected a statue of brass in the capitol among the images of their kings with a drawn sword in his hand, in remembrance of his courage and resolution in expelling the Tarquins and destroying the monarchy. But that ancient Brutus was of a severe and inflexible nature, like steel of too hard a temper, and having never had his character softened by study and thought, he let himself be so far transported with his rage and hatred against tyrants, that, for conspiring with them, he proceeded to the execution even of his own sons.—Plutarchs Life of Brutus Sources T.J. Cornell,  The Beginnings of RomeRoman Myth, by Judith De Luce;  The Classical World  Vol. 98, No. 2 (Winter, 2005), pp. 202-205.​

The SWOT Analysis of Lenovo IBM Acquisi - 2644 Words

The SWOT Analysis of Lenovo-IBM Acquisition Case study: The acquisition case of American IBM Personal Computer by the Chinese computer company Lenovo. This article uses SWOT matrix to analysis the post-merger situation of Lenovo’s PC business and try to demonstrate a possible roadmap for future business. On December 8th of 2004, Lenovo announced its merging of IBM’s world personal computer (PC) business which included the ThinkPad line of PCs. This deal costing Lenovo $1.25 billion, including $650 million in cash, 600 million shares and an additional $500 million of IBMs debt. The merger makes two companies formed a complex joint venture. For Lenovo, even the cost is relatively high for it to purchase IBM PC at 2004, it benefits a lot†¦show more content†¦Another reason for IBM to sell its PC division is due to its strategy aims. IBM have shifted its major business from traditional PC productions to its software innovations. For IBM, their strategic intension to sell its PC business was obey its overall strategy of developing software and reinforing its service businesses (Deng, 2009). According to Steve Mills, Senior Vice President and Group Executive, â€Å"(Lenovo-IBM’s acquisition) allows IBM to focus on system and software innovations that bring new kinds of value to strategic areas of our business, such as cognitive computing, Big Data and cloud† (Deng, 2009:81). Therefore, when Lenovo decided to set its globalization expansion through merger as a strategy, there were no doubt for IBM to act repeatedly on selling its world PC b usiness. Overall, under the more fierce competition in the domestic marketplace, Lenovos international expansion is an â€Å"essential stepping-stone for company’s growth† (Deng, 2009:82). The acquisition of the two corporates also serves as a push for Lenovo to expand its business worldwide. The merger provides a possibility for Lenovo to be part of the world-class company. However, Lenovo and its decision makers as well as the CEO Mr. Liu Chuanzhi have to face a post-merger integration problem of IBM’s former business. In order to analysis the possible integration strategies for two corporates after merger, the feasible theoretical SWOT framework will be illustrated in detail. SWOT analysis is

How does Shakespeare make Act 1, Scene 1 exciting and dramatic Free Essays

Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s most memorable plays. The play is based on star-crossed lovers with tragedy, violence, love and arguments. The story of Romeo and Juliet is about two lovers that can’t be together because their families are enemies, but nothing can’t stop them and at the end both of them due in a dramatic way. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare make Act 1, Scene 1 exciting and dramatic? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main themes are romance, tragedy and conflict. The play is relevant for us because those kinds of things still happen, young people kill them self because of love and in some families, the girls can’t be able to pick her own husbands, the females have to do the house work and the males are supposed to bring money home. The play was set in the 14th century. Shakespeare had to face loads of challenges to make the play interesting, also he had to keep on improving, to not get the audience throw the food on stage, if they have done that, then this meant that the play is boring. Theatre in Shakespeare era was a place where rich people could go to rest, and have fun, whereas the poor people would be able to earn money, by selling beer, snacks, or collecting the lost money. Theatre nowadays is a place that must be cultural; you are not allowed to throw food on stage, if you do so you have to leave. In Shakespeare era there weren’t any spot lights or CD players which form you could be able to play music, or add sound effect, so Shakespeare had to make scene dramatic and exciting by costumes, voices, words and body language. The servants are the first characters on the stage. They grab the audience’s attention because servants are not very important, they are on a bottom shelf in your life, and they are also known as not educated people. Thought that all the best things should only happened to them, but over a time everything has changed. Some people would like seeing servant because they are normally low status, so called groundlings. The rich people might felt weird when they saw someone poor on the stage, because how can someone lower classes than them perform, also they never could expect that. The opening scene begins with just two characters on the stage and soon there where more than ten, fighting fiercely. Shakespeare decision to include a fight at the beginning was clever because he made the play exciting and dangerous; most of the people enjoyed it, because when the beginning is great the rest must be much better. `Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them which is disgrace to them, if they bare it` this shows that Sampson is planning everything out carefully, and knows what going to make them fight. Sampson and Gregory are very good friends, and it shows that they trust each other, but Sampson is more clever than him, because he is the one that plans everything out. Tybalt and Benvolio have very contrasting characters. Tybalt seems to be angry while Benvolio is calm. ‘Part, fools! ‘ this shows that Benvolio is trying to stop the fight; this also tells as that Benvolio is a peace maker and that he has manners and he is higher status. The explanation mark show’s that he is shouting and trying get attention from the fighters. On the other hand, Tybalt says `As I hate hell, all Montagues and thee`. This quote suggests he is angry and want to continue the trouble, so called fight. The audience might enjoy seeing him on stage. He also shows that he like to be everywhere, where trouble begins, he also must be the start of it, or join in, somebody else’s trouble. Shakespeare then changes the mood of opening scene from a serious fight to comical rows between husbands and wives. When Lady Capulet says `A crutch, a crutch! Why call you for a sword? ` it may make the audience giggle or laugh because a women is shouting, at her husband and making him feel old and unusable. The scene could be also dramatic, Lord Capulet could go up and hit the women, and show her no respect. The scene is also exciting because in this scene woman is showing no respect to man, which normally is the other way round. This shows the audience that not only men can be in control, and they are the one that should wear pants, which mean to be in control. The males in the audience would have felt ashamed because the other main male character, is not able to join the fight, because of his wife, she didn’t let him. Women however would felt joyful because a woman is keeping a man on a short string. As the scene continues, the fight escalates and Shakespeare introduces Prince Escalus to try and stop the violence. The Prince represents a figure of a strong person, which everybody should be scared of. Prince Escalus represent is responsible for everything that happens; he is like a boss or leader to everyone. He is protecting, and making sure everyone is safe when he is around. Shakespeare needs this character to be able to change the mood of the play. In the Elizabethan era everyone enjoyed the fight in the play, because it was difficult to see them on the street. Fights were improving everyone’s humor, so Shakespeare had needed a character to stop the fight, and make the audience react differently. The audience could be very angry about stopping something that they had enjoyed. The upper classes may be happy because the violence has stopped, and is not giving anyone such a bad example. The groundling will be upset, because they are not used to see fight with upper class people. The prince speech used language to create a change of mood, `Purple foundations issuing my veins. In this quotation the Prince had used a metaphor, he is trying to compare our veins to foundations, because the blood would never stop going around our body. He is trying to tell everyone that, the anger should stay inside of us, like the blood in veins; Prince is also trying to say that the fight is unneeded. This gives us impression that the Prince is treating everyone equal, he never keeps anyone’s side. This language contributes to making Act 1, Scene 1 a dramatic and effective opening, because Prince is changing the mood, he also shows everyone his opinion about fighting. The introduction of Romeo to the opening scene is interesting because we get to learn more about his character before he even appears on stage. From Benvolio and Lord Montague we learn that Romeo is fed up, sad and unhappy. This can make the audience feel curious or annoyed because the main character, start form being very negative about life, while he is rich and can get anything he want. Romeo’s conversation with his cousin reveals a lot about his character and grabs the audience’s attention. ` Why the, O brawling love, O loving hate` Romeo is talking about love difficulty, why does it have to be so painful. Romeo had used oxymoron’s, `loving hate` those two words are opposite of each other, by using language like that he shows the audience that he is very confused about his life. The audience alternatively might think that Romeo is too young to know anything about love problems, and that he is not able to show his emotions. Normally 15 years old boy should have a positive character, and minds full of having fun. Shakespeare adds more elements of drama to the first scene, when Benvolio tells Romeo that he should have another look for good-looking girls. By giving liberty into thine eyes, examine other beauties. ` This could be exacting because Romeo could have an argument with him, about what love really is, and it not about only being beauty. Benvolio had sounded like, he never would understand love, and all he thinks about is girls’ beauty, not what she has to offers, inside her. He is not trying to understand Romeo feeling, he is telling him, to try to find someone else, and forget about the other girl. In my conclusion, Act 1 Scene 1 is very exciting and dramatic, it makes the audience want to see more, it also explains the whole play action. Shakespeare successfully had used the first scene to introduce the themes of the play, love, argument, tragedy. Shakespeare also had good introducing of characters, such as Romeo and enemies, Shakespeare engages with a range of audience members, through language, action, humor and romance, for example females would be excited when they will be seeing romance, whereas males would be very excited watching fights. In my opinion the play is great for young people, because it explains how much love can be painful and the confusion about it, like Romeo had with Rosaline. The most dramatic and exciting scene was when Romeo was talking with Benvolio, about Rosaline. I thought that he might even kill himself, Benvolio was replaying in humor way, he really didn’t understand what Romeo was saying, Romeo was very negative character, what made everything very dramatic, because nobody could think of what goes around 15 years old boy minds. He could think of death, or of ways to die. Form first scene you get the understanding, about the whole play, it tells you everything step by step. How to cite How does Shakespeare make Act 1, Scene 1 exciting and dramatic?, Papers

Changing Business Environment for Model of Airtel- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChanging Business Environment for Model of Bharti Airtel. Answer: Compare Bharti Airtels Approach to Internationalization with that of European MNEs. It is a fact that in order to achieve profit-making opportunities, organizations desire to go international and they adopt several different ways and tactics which they think will provide them competitive advantage. In the foreign markets, the organizations intend to increase the sale of their production and services and therefore, they sell their products and services at very lower cost. The same strategy is used by the Bharti Airtel in its business operation. It expands its business through low-cost models and targets the other emerging countries for more sale of its services (Aggarwal, 2013). The uniqueness of Bharti Airtel lies in the fact that it has entered into the emerging new markets. The very first advantage that it receives is that it can get benefit for the capabilities and resources of those emerging countries that always seek for getting an opportunity for expanding their services. Hence, in most of they get merged along with the leading organizations such as Bharti Air tel (Damodaran, 2013). Curwen and Whalley (2014), have stated that Airtel shares its stake with the other industries in the field of telecommunication like they did with the Warburg pictures in order to ensure better industrial growth. Such a diverse collaboration is indeed an unique approach which is not followed by the other European MNEs. Along with that, the model of Bharti Airtel is regarded as a unique model for the telecom as it is an effective model for every emerging market like China and India. In many countries apart from these, Airtel has emerged as a dominant player because of its innovative and unique method of business as well as strong brand. Most of the companies belonging from the same industries, focus on getting a hold of the Indian markets, while on the other hand, Airtel is continuously thriving to put more concentration on the international markets. The management team of Airtel has realized that the extensive experience of the company that it has gathered fro m the Indian markets, with its distinctive business model will help to grab the opportunity that is provided by the other developing markets. This has resulted in Airtel, claiming the Zain Groups telecom business in more than ten different countries of Africa (White, 2013). This has given the company a good start in the African continent as well. However there are several other factors that Airtel fouces on and these factors also contribute to the uniqueness of the Airtel. These factors are mentioned below: Bharti Airtel is dedicated towards understanding the importance for strategic partnership and innovation of the business model. The management team of the company always appreciated the tailoring strategy as this helps them in getting fit to a particular business atmosphere. Moshi (2017) has mentioned that the team of RD in the organization quickly understood and implemented the cross-country differences in the demographic and cultural market conditions. The company has always invested in figuring out the methods through which their business could be successful in the international markets. One of the most unique models of Airtel that makes it different from the other European MNEs is that of its minute factory model, which they have used in Bangladesh after gaining the Warid Telecom (Satanarayana, Sambasiva Krishnamurthy, 2017). Furthermore, its international corporate level strategies are also unique to that of the MNEs. They are mentioned below: Local responsiveness- The management of the organization completely depends on the consumer demand and delivers them solutions according to their needs and requirements. They address the local responsiveness with an utmost importance and this is helping the company to grow further within its industries. Cost responsiveness- The domestic or local pricing model of Airtel differs from one country to another along with state to state. It also relies on the consumers demands and the demographical segment. Promoting and creating a value through diversification- The management team of airtel continuously tries to find a value through diversification by moving around the businesses which are both corporately connected and at the same time, are operationally connected as well. The two most notable strategies of Bharti Airtel in its business model is the reduction in the cost and the high share of the important resources (Cappelli et al., 2015). What are the implications of the rise of emerging economy MNEs such as Bharti Airtel for globalisation? - The primary motive of a brand for attaining competitive advantage and profit-making opportunities are two of the factors that affect the brand recognition in order to develop all over the world. These motives could be achieved by changing the global environment. In this context, Zhu, Sarkis Lai (2013) have been stated that such an expansion of a business could easily take place through encouraging the development of the organizational performance and minimizing the trade barriers. There are several organizations such as the manufacturing or retail companies that is going hand in hand with the trend and has been adopted the modern technology of computerization in order to reach their customers around the world, notwithstanding the fact that they do not have any outlet or any kind of physical store present in that country. With the same, organization such as the Bharti Airtel always looks forward towards the present of opportunities in order to access the resources from other nation s around the globe. They search for an opportunity so that those resources could be obtained through acquiring the other companies in the same field of the developing or emerging nations. Deshmukh, Deshmukh and Thampi (2013) have stated that companies such as Bharti Airtel also reduce their cost with an intention that more number of people from the new nation could use their products. Along with that, the stability in the relation of the international organization and the development of technologies that made it so easy to trade in the international market and incensement has also driven the internationalism of Bharti Airtel. References Aggarwal, R. (2013). Adjusting to BRICs in glass houses: replacing obsolete institutions and business models.Thunderbird International Business Review,55(1), 37-54. Cappelli, P., Singh, H., Singh, J., Useem, M. (2015). Indian business leadership: Broad mission and creative value.The Leadership Quarterly,26(1), 7-12. Damodaran, S. (2013). New strategies of industrial organization: outsourcing and consolidation in the mobile telecom sector in India. Deshmukh, S. P., Deshmukh, P., Thampi, G. T. (2013). Transformation from E-commerce to M-commerce in Indian Context.International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI),10(4), 55. Moshi, G. C., Mwakatumbula, H. J. (2017). Effects of political stability and sector regulations on investments in African mobile markets.Telecommunications Policy,41(7-8), 651-661. Satyanarayana, D., Rao, K. S., Naidu, S. K. (2017). The impact of Reliance Jio on Indian mobile industry-A case study on mergers and acquisitions of ideaVodafone and AirtelTelenor.IJAR,3(3), 209-212. White, L. (2013). Emerging powers in Africa: Is Brazil any different?.South African Journal of International Affairs,20(1), 117-136. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., Lai, K. H. (2013). Institutional-based antecedents and performance outcomes of internal and external green supply chain management practices.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,19(2), 106-117.